无铅焊点热疲劳状态估计

为获取元器件焊点的热疲劳状态信息,采用了焊点剪切力测试方法和非线性最小二乘数据拟合法。以1210片式电阻器件无铅焊点为研究对象,开展了剪切力-热疲劳状态试验研究工作。依据0、300、600、900、1200、1 500个周期温度冲击下的焊点剪切力试验数据,采用非线性最小二乘的Gauss-Newton法,并利用Matlab编程的手段获取了剪切力数据的拟合曲线。以"剪切力值下降30%"的失效标准划定失效界线,利用拟合曲线推算出焊点失效时的循环周期数为1 439.04。试验证明焊点剪切力能够反映出焊点的热疲劳状态,该方法可用于焊点的疲劳状态监测、估计,满足对于焊点疲劳状态的监测需要,同样适用于其他类型焊点的疲劳状态估计。     

Retrieval of vegetation equivalent water thickness from reflectance using genetic algorithm (GA)-partial least squares (PLS) regression

This study aimed to investigate the performance of genetic algorithms coupled with partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling of spectral reflectance in retrieving equivalent water thickness (EWT) at leaf and canopy level. A genetic algorithm was used to identify a subset of spectral bands sensitive to the variation in EWT, and PLS was then applied to relate the identified bands to EWT values. GA-PLS was applied to leaf level reflectance available from LOPEX dataset, and canopy data includes reflectance simulated by a leaf radiative transfer model PROSPECT and a canopy radiative transfer model SAILH and acquired by airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS). The results indicate that GA-PLS has the capability of retrieving EWT from leaf and canopy reflectance, and achieved good estimation accuracy, i.e. low root mean square errors (RMSE) and high squared correlation coefficients (R²). For the retrieval at leaf level, the estimation accuracy can be as good as RMSE = 0.0019 g/cm² and R² = 0.939 or better. For the retrieval at canopy level, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0061 g/cm² and R² = 0.966 or better when PROSPECT-SAILH simulated reflectance was used; when AVIRIS image spectra were used, the model accuracy is RMSE = 0.0094 g/cm² and R² = 0.8734 for the calibration, and RMSE = 0.0132 g/cm² and R² = 0.7756 for the validation. These results from GA-PLS modeling support the conclusion that GA-PLS has the potential to be applied to AVIRIS, Hyperion and HyMap imagery for retrieving EWT. The selected bands for the AVIRIS datasets differ from those for the LOPEX and PROSPECT-SAILH simulated datasets, and this inconsistence of the selected bands for different datasets indicates that the GA-PLS method has the advantage of tuning the optimum bands for PLS regression and accommodating the effects of confounding factors.     

CFRP铣削力建模研究

碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic,CFRP)由于其不均匀性和各向异性的材料特性,在铣削加工过程中容易出现各种缺陷。铣削力建模有助于探究CFRP的铣削力变化规律、优化加工参数,进而减少缺陷的产生。本文基于多元非线性回归的方法,建立了铣削力系数关于4种影响因素(纤维切削角、瞬时未变形切屑厚度、主轴转速和轴向切深)的函数关系。经过单向CFRP铣削力实验和多向CFRP铣削力实验验证,所建模型可以较准确地预测铣削力变化规律。     

Three-Dimensional Stress Fields in Finite Thickness Plate with Hole Under Shear Load

The theoretical solutions are obtained for the three-dimensional(3-D)stress field in an infinite isotropic elastic plate with a through-the-thickness circular hole subjected to shear load at far field by using Kane and Mindlin′s assumption based on the stress function method.Based on the present solutions,the characteristics of 3-D stress field are analyzed and the emphasis is placed on the effects of the plate thickness and Poisson′s ratio on the deviation of the present 3-D in-plane stress from the related plane stress solutions,the stress concentration and the out-of-plane constraint.The present solutions show that the stress concentration factor reaches its peak value of about 8.9% which is higher than that of the plane stress solutions.As expected,the out-of-plane stress constraint factor can reach 1on the surface of the hole when the plate is a very thick one.     

Improvement of the real time total electron content based on the International Reference Ionosphere model

One of the methods to adapt the International Reference Ionosphere model to real time conditions is to use instantaneous values of the critical frequency of the ionosphere foF2. It is shown that there can be large discrepancies between model and experimental values of the total electron content TEC after this adaptation. Improvement can be provided by the use of an empirical model of the ionospheric slab thickness τ. This conclusion is based on analysis of contributions of various correction factors connected with foF2 and τ into discrepancies between model and experimental values of TEC.     

气囊硬度对固化后帽型长桁厚度的影响

为满足宽体客机机身轻质高强的要求，机身复合材料蒙皮需要长桁的支撑以提高复合材料壁板的刚度。为获得厚度均匀性良好的帽型长桁加筋壁板，对帽型长桁加筋壁板成型工艺中真空袋囊芯模的方法进行了改进，提出了一种硅橡胶囊芯模与真空袋囊芯模相结合的方法，获得了厚度均匀性良好的帽型长桁壁板，满足机身复合材料帽型长桁-蒙皮共固化成型时尺寸精度的要求。利用有限元仿真方法，研究了硅橡胶囊芯模截面尺寸、硅橡胶材料属性对长桁厚度均匀性的影响，结果发现所用硅橡胶囊芯模硬度越大，长桁尺寸均匀性越差。不同条件下所得长桁厚度对理论分析的准确性进行了验证。考虑硅橡胶硬度对长桁尺寸均匀性及工艺操作性的影响，最终选定所用硅橡胶气囊硬度为50HA，所得蒙皮-长桁实际测量的平均厚度与理论厚度偏差小于6%，细观分析发现蒙皮-长桁连接处纤维走向没有发生变形。     

基于江门地下中微子实验的地球中微子信号研究

地球中微子是帮助人类认识地球内部结构和成分的一种可行手段。由于目前液闪探测器的体积太小,无法区分地幔的模型。江门地下中微子实验(JUNO)的液闪达到了20 kt,具有很强的观测优势。本研究基于LITHO1.0地球模型预测出JUNO的地球中微子事例率是(34.50±4.78)TNU。同时,研究结果显示地壳的放射性元素丰度误差对全球地壳中微子信号的影响显著大于地壳密度、地壳厚度误差所带来的影响。     

Simultaneous determination of aerosol- and surface characteristics from top-of-atmosphere reflectance using MERIS on board of ENVISAT

The determination of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) from nadir scanning multi-spectral radiometers, like SeaWiFS, MERIS or MODIS, requires the separation of spectral atmospheric and surface properties. Since SeaWiFS and MERIS do not provide information at 2.1 μm, like MODIS, the estimation of the surface reflectance cannot be made by the cross correlation approach described by Kaufman et al., 1997. The BAER approach (Bremen AErosol Retrieval), von Hoyningen-Huene et al., 2003, uses a linear mixing model of spectra for ‘green vegetation’ and ‘bare soil’, tuned by the NDVI, determining an apparent surface to enable this separation of aerosol and surface properties from VIS and NIR channels. Thus AOT can be derived over a wide range of land surfaces for wavelengths <0.67 μm. Using MERIS L1 data over Europe, the AOT retrieved is comparable with ground-based observations, provided by AERONET. Regional variation of AOT can be observed, showing the atmospheric variability for clear sky conditions by: large scale variation of aerosol turbidity, regional pollution, urban regions, effects of contrails and cases of aerosol-cloud interaction. Simultaneously with the spectral AOT also spectral surface reflectance is obtained, where all atmospheric influences have been considered (molecules, aerosols and absorbing gases (O₃)) for channels with wavelengths <0.67 μm. The AOT is extrapolated by Angström power law to NIR channels and the atmospheric correction for land surface properties is performed, enabling the further investigation of land use and spectral land properties.     

关于换填法垫层厚度的计算问题

本文给出了直接计算条形基础和独立基础下换土垫层最小厚度的计算方法，可供设计参考。     

坡面浅层明流流态界定方法之商榷

为了探求坡面薄层水流流态界定方法,从流体力学与泥沙运动学观点出发,对4种不同粗糙尺度床面（光滑玻璃、人工加糙粒径分别为0．075、0．245和0．380mm）、5种不同坡度下坡面薄层水流放水进行试验研究,并对薄层水流阻力规律与明渠水流阻力规律进行了比较分析。在此基础上提出了粘性底层厚度与水深之比作为新的无量纲临界判数,结果表明该判数能更好地反映坡面薄层水流流动型态。